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A construção do sentido do trecho abaixo se apoia em um jogo de palavras que envolve os complementos verbais destacados. “Seu principal efeito, argumentam, não é o de superar o círculo vicioso da pobreza, mas iniciar um círculo virtuoso dos direitos” (1. 88-91) Nesses complementos, o núcleo (“círculo”) é idêntico, enquanto os adjuntos adnominais são diferentes. Essa diferença sugere principalmente uma oposição entre sentidos caracterizados como:

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A) negativo x positivo

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B) abstrato x concreto

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C) possível x utópico

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D) coletivo x individual

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E) passado x presente 15 As proparoxítonas recebem, por regra, acento gráfico. Um exemplo de palavra do texto acentuada por esse motivo é: (A) contribuído (B) caráter (C) através (D) hipótese (E) indispensável 4 PLANEJAMENTO E GESTÃO Text I Better Living Standards April 16, 2013 Despite discussion to the contrary, the best available economic evidence suggests that immigration expands the economic opportunities and incomes of Americans and helps reduce the budget 5 deficit. Recent research suggests that immigration raises wages and lowers prices for consumers throughout the economy. For American business owners, immigrants are both new sources of customers and 10 employees, helping to expand production using American resources and know-how in sectors ranging from farming to technology. For American workers, the data suggest that rather than competing for identical jobs, immigrants tend to work alongside and 15 in support of American workers, creating more and better job opportunities. Results from recent cutting-edge economics research on the impact of immigration on wages show small but positive effects of immigration on 20 American wages as a whole. The evidence becomes more mixed, though, when looking at specific groups of workers. While some studies show large negative impacts of immigration on low-skill workers, other estimates find that immigration raises the wages of 25 all US workers, regardless of education. As further evidence supporting the second set of findings, one study that examines a period of rapid immigration finds that immigrants do not cause declines in wages, even among less-skilled residents. 30 Most studies also find that over time immigrants improve the finances of programs like Social Security and can actually help reduce the budget deficit. And these are only the direct measured effects of immigration on individual wages, employment and 35 the budget. Immigrants, particularly higher-skilled immigrants, start more businesses and participate in scientific and other research at higher rates than native-born Americans. These other findings hint at additional potential benefits of more immigration, 40 including increases in innovation that could help boost overall economic growth. The high fraction of innovative Silicon Valley start-ups founded by immigrants are an important example of this point. These potential additional boosts to economic 45 growth are not necessary to make a case for more immigration. The evidence on the direct effects of immigration — higher wages, lower prices and net taxes — shows that immigration raises standards of living for Americans.

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