Question

The statements below are all intended to be about Stephen Krashen's Monitor Model as reviewed in Larsen-Freeman and Long (1991). There is one statement, however, that does not conform to Krashen´s Monitor Model. Which is it?

Accepted Answer

C) Although stemming from different sources, the acquired system and the learned system are interconnected, interfacing with one another, which means, for instance, that the acquired system can be developed by the learned system through formal instruction, and the learned system can, under appropriate circumstances, be made faster through contact with native speakers.

Answer

A) There are two separate knowledge systems underlying second language performance, the acquired system, which consists of subconscious knowledge of the second language grammar, like the subconscious knowledge native speakers have of their first language, and the learned system, the product of formal instruction (typically classroom language teaching), comprising conscious knowledge of “easy” second language grammatical rules.

Answer

B) The acquired system is typically the only knowledge source speakers can use in real-time communication, when they are attending to meaning, not form; the learned system serves only as a planner and editor with which to inspect, or monitor, the output of the acquired system.

Answer

D) The “natural order” is the surface manifestation of the acquired system, with “disturbed orders” being caused by (“big M”) Monitoring, that is intrusion of the learned system on performance tasks which encourage its use.

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