Questão de Língua Espanhola

Brazil proposes fund to stem rainforest cutting By Andrea Welsh, 31 Aug 2006 SÃO PAULO, Brazil – Brazil proposed on Thursday a fund to compensate developing countries that slow the destruction of their rainforests, a move that could help lower emissions of gases blamed for rising world temperatures. The Brazilian initiative, presented at a planning meeting for upcoming global climate talks in Rome, calls for creating a fund that countries could tap into if they could prove they had brought deforestation below rates of the 1990s. “Once again Brazil is acting as a protagonist ... in presenting an innovative proposal,” Environment Minister Marina Silva told Reuters at a conference in São Paulo. Disagreements over how to address deforestation have hurt global efforts to cap emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and create markets for trading in carbon and credits. Most emissions come from burning oil and coal, but deforestation is responsible for about 20 percent because trees store carbon dioxide when they grow and release it into the atmosphere when they die. Global agreements allow credit for planting trees where forests have already been cleared but offer no incentives for preventing cutting in areas like Brazil’s Amazon, home to nearly a third of all species and a quarter of the earth’s fresh water. Critics say developing countries want cash for preserving their forests. Brazil has long objected to granting tradable emission credits for preserving forests because heavy oil and coal users like the United States might buy up credits instead of reducing their own emissions. Silva said Brazil’s proposal was a draft but it should serve as the basis for discussion at the next round of global climate talks in November. She also said Brazil is working with Papua New Guinea and Costa Rica, who backed an earlier proposal to grant tradable credits to countries that reduce deforestation rates. (www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/N31355372.htm. Adaptado.) 31. A proposta do Brasil (A) destina-se a compensar a queda do índice pluviométrico em florestas dos países em desenvolvimento. (B) foi considerada inovadora no encontro que aconteceu em Roma. (C) foi elogiada pela Ministra do Meio Ambiente do Brasil em uma conferência. (D) pretende diminuir o efeito estufa atribuído ao desenvolvimento dos países pobres. (E) cria um fundo para monitorar o desmatamento a partir de 1990. 32. As emissões de gases geradores do efeito estufa (A) são em grande parte provenientes de combustíveis fósseis como petróleo e carvão. (B) são responsáveis pela morte de 20% das árvores das florestas tropicais. (C) controlam o aumento de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera. (D) geram um desmatamento natural devido à chuva ácida que seca as árvores. (E) fazem com que as florestas diminuam a troca de dióxido de carbono com a atmosfera. 33. Granting tradable emission credits (A) is considered a feasible solution by developing countries. (B) will prevent deforestation because developed countries will invest in forest preservation. (C) is backed by countries such as Papua New Guinea, Costa Rica and Brazil. (D) allows credit for planting trees in the Amazon as well as preventing the destruction of rainforests. (E) could be useless because industrialized nations might not diminish their emissions and get credits instead. 34. No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – ...United States might buy up credits instead of reducing their own emissions. – a expressão instead of indica (A) reiteração. (B) substituição. (C) alternância. (D) sugestão. (E) causalidade. 35. In the excerpt of the second paragraph – …to cap emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide… – the word like can be substituted, without changing the meaning, for (A) prefer. (B) similar to. (C) unless. (D) such as. (E) as if. INSTRUÇÃO: As questões de números 36 a 40 referem-se ao texto seguinte. Health News Blues By Susan Yara, 07.27.06. Before you panic after hearing about the latest health epidemic on the local news, consider getting an expert opinion. In this fastmoving information world, where just about anything can be found with a simple click of a mouse or by flipping through cable channels, it’s hard to know whom to trust, especially when it comes to health and medical issues. That is why doctors advise the public to be skeptical about news of a health “epidemic” or “crisis,” especially when it comes from the local television news. “It’s not that the information on the news isn’t accurate,” says Dr. David B. Baron, a family physician and chief of staff at the Santa Monica-UCLA Medical Center in Malibu, Calif. “But the media tend to go for the medical news that’s most exciting or most interesting, and too often most alarming.” In a survey of local television coverage of medical news, published in the March issue of The American Journal of Managed Care, three doctors examined the content of full-length news broadcasts in the top 50 U.S. media markets and found that of the 2,795 broadcasts they reviewed, 64% featured health stories. In fact, at times health coverage is inaccurate and is squeezed into such short bites of time that it may not provide helpful information. The average amount of airtime for each story was a mere 33 seconds, and the two most common topics were breast cancer and West Nile Virus. The survey concluded that few of the newscasts actually provided useful information, while some of the stories were factually incorrect-worrying considering that local television news broadcasts reach an average of 165 million Americans. “I think it’s alarming that they fail to talk about prevention or what to do in case,” says Dr. James M. Pribble, lead author on the survey and elector in the Department of Emergency Medicine at the University of Michigan. “For instance, West Nile Virus was a common story, but no one told you what to do to avoid getting bit by mosquitoes.” Baron opines that reports on the “obesity epidemic” or Avian Flu are valid stories but often don’t include information that will help viewers live healthier lifestyles. “There needs to be information about nutrition, weight management, smoking cessation, exercise, lowering blood pressure and cholesterol, and preventing and screening cancer and heart disease,” he says. Luckily, there are plenty of trusted sources for medical news and information that can be just as convenient as the 10 p.m. newscast. Two Web sites to check out are that of the American Academy of Family Physicians at www.familydoctor.org, and WebMD. But he stresses that all medical conditions should be properly assessed by an actual doctor. “More than anything, I believe that people need to have a good relationship with a primary care physician whom they trust, who takes the time to answer questions, and who cares enough to stay informed,” he says. (www.forbes.com/2006/07/26/questionable-healthnews_cx_sy_0727htow_print.html) 36. Segundo o texto, (A) não se deve confiar incondicionalmente em notícias sobre saúde veiculadas em meios de comunicação. (B) notícias alarmantes sobre epidemias e crises são transmitidas para provocar pânico e causar sensacionalismo. (C) a mídia inventa histórias como epidemias da obesidade, da gripe aviária e da febre do Nilo, que são doenças facilmente evitáveis. (D) os médicos devem se informar sobre as notícias veiculadas na imprensa para tratar adequadamente os novos surtos e epidemias. (E) a maioria das notícias sobre saúde na TV e na Internet fornecem informações incorretas e muitas são inúteis. 37. David B. Baron (A) works at the Santa Monica-UCLA Medical Center in California that is associated with the American Academy of Family Physicians. (B) contributed to the survey conducted by the American Journal of Managed Care in March. (C) thinks that health information in the media should be presented in an exciting and interesting way. (D) does not agree with Dr. James Pribble, who stresses the need to inform the population about the West Nile Virus. (E) believes that TV should provide useful information to help people to adopt a healthy lifestyle. 38. A pesquisa publicada no periódico American Journal of Managed Care (A) constatou que a maioria dos 2795 noticiários de TV apresenta matérias de 33 segundos. (B) indicou que 64% das matérias televisivas sobre saúde são condensadas em 33 segundos. (C) afirma que 165 milhões de telespectadores americanos são atingidos por notícias incorretas e sensacionalistas todos os dias. (D) concluiu que a maioria das notícias televisivas não fornece informações úteis ao telespectador. (E) recomenda que seja necessário ensinar a população a se proteger contra a gripe aviária e outras epidemias em telejornais de grande audiência. 39. No trecho do último parágrafo do texto – ...and who cares enough to stay informed,... – a palavra who refere-se (A) ao Dr. Baron. (B) às pessoas. (C) ao médico. (D) aos telespectadores. (E) ao físico. 40. O trecho do sexto parágrafo do texto – But he stresses that all medical conditions should be properly assessed by an actual doctor. – significa, em português: (A) Mas ele diz que as condições médicas do estresse devem ser apropriadamente acessadas por um médico atualizado. (B) Mas ele enfatiza que todas as doenças devem ser adequadamente avaliadas por um médico em pessoa. (C) Mas ele está estressado devido às condições médicas mal avaliadas pelos médicos desatualizados. (D) Mas ele afirma que o estresse está entre as doenças inadequadamente avaliadas por médicos desatualizados. (E) Mas ele enfatiza que todos os médicos devem se atualizar sobre as doenças para posterior avaliação. INSTRUÇÃO: As questões de números 41 a 45 referem-se ao texto seguinte. Temper Tracking: Angry Outbursts May Take a Toll on the Lungs By Nicholas Bakalar, September 19, 2006 Men who are chronically hostile and angry may face a future of sharply diminishing lung function, new research suggests. In 1986, scientists administered a questionnaire to 670 men ages 21 to 80 to assess their hostility. Each then received a pulmonary exam within one year of completing the questionnaire. The men were tracked for an average of 8.2 years, with comprehensive physical examinations every 3 to 5 years, including an average of three pulmonary function tests. After controlling for age, weight, height, smoking status and other variables, the scientists found a consistent association between high hostility and lower levels of lung function. Among more hostile men, pulmonary function was worse at every exam over a 10-year period when compared with less hostile subjects. The study appears online in Thorax. Since levels of lung function were in the normal range at the start of the study, the researchers say, the possibility that poor lung function led to hostility rather than the other way around is unlikely. They acknowledge, however, that an unknown factor could cause both hostility and poor lung function. Still, Dr. Rosalind J. Wright, an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard and the senior author of the study, said there was no doubt that emotions could cause physical changes, some of which could be detrimental. “When you experience physical symptoms around negative emotions, your heart rate goes up, you start sweating, and so on,” Dr. Wright said. “Changes in bodily functions – nervous system, immune function – need to occur for you to feel these things. It is possible that similar processes are going on more locally, say in the lungs, which over many years may cause inflammation that affects lung function.” (www.nytimes.com/2006/09/19/health/19host.html) 41. The research suggests that (A) 670 hostile men had a lower lung function. (B) age, weight, height and smoking habits may have altered the research results. (C) pulmonary function was affected after a 10 year period. (D) women were not affected by hostility and anger. (E) there is a relation between high hostility and lower levels of lung function. 42. The study (A) started in 1986 and lasted for about 8 years. (B) discovered an unknown factor that could cause hostility. (C) replaced some men every 3 to 5 years. (D) tracked 670 men with normal lung function at the start. (E) conducted a pulmonary function test at the beginning and another after 10 years. 43. No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – ...the possibility that poor lung function led to hostility rather than the other way around is unlikely. – a expressão rather than significa, em português, (A) pelo contrário. (B) ao invés de. (C) a menos que. (D) mais que. (E) devido a. 44. Em relação à conclusão da pesquisa, o trecho do terceiro parágrafo do texto – They acknowledge, however, that an unknown factor could cause both hostility and poor lung function. – apresenta (A) uma ressalva. (B) uma reformulação. (C) uma avaliação. (D) um pressuposto. (E) uma certeza. 45. Dr. Rosalind Wright says that (A) emotions cause detrimental physical changes. (B) angry people sweat a lot. (C) emotions might cause physical alterations. (D) hostile men have an unbalanced nervous system. (E) when heart rate goes up, the lungs are affected. INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto a seguir e responda às questões de números 31 a 33. Dans les villages de l’Amazonas, les étudiants brésiliens découvrent le développement durable Volontaires du projet socio-éducatif Rondon, des centaines d’universitaires brésiliens passent leurs vacances d’été ou d’hiver en Amazonie. Des étudiants encadrés de professeurs partent apporter un peu de leur savoir aux populations défavorisées des huit États de l’Amazonie. Étudiant en géographie et environnement, Guilherme Dantas arpente le village de Caapiranga, un des plus isolés de l’État d’Amazonas, à huit heures de navigation de Manaus. Le jeune homme note, (...), qu’aucun des 5 000 habitants n’est relié à un égout, les eaux usées étant directement rejetées dans l’igarapé (petit bras du fleuve) qui baigne les pilotis des maisons en bois. (Le Monde, Annie Gasnier, 30.08.06.)

INSTRUÇÃO: Nas questões de números 34 e 35, assinale a alternativa que corresponde ao plural da frase dada: