Questão de Língua Inglesa

Science confirms: Dark chocolate and red wine helps keep you looking young NEWSNER Chocolate and wine, and not always together, are among life’s simple pleasures, but most of us think we should only indulge in these pleasures in moderation. Granted chocolate and wine contain a high number of calories and I don’t need to explain what happens to our bodies and minds if we drink too much wine. But now scientists may have found a reason to indulge in these delicious things more often than we think. A recent study found a powerful antioxidant present in dark chocolate and red wine; the effect of this antioxidant on our bodies could be a reason to celebrate. Scientists say the presence of resveratrol in these food items has a positive effect on the brain, heart, and lifespan. The most naturally abundant sources of resveratrol are plants, including the skin of red grapes, red wine, raw cocoa, and dark berries, like lingonberries and blueberries. A team led by Professor Lorna Harries at the University of Exeter discovered that by treating worn-out human cells with a formulation of resveratrol the older cells started to divide. These older cells then developed longer telomeres – the protective tips on the ends of chromosomes which shorten as we age, according to Longevity Facts. It seemed a miracle that these old cells looked young again. The experiment was repeated several times and each time the result was rejuvenated cells. According to scientists red wine, dark chocolate and some berries also help to reduce inflammation and strengthen the heart. This powerful antioxidant was also found to help ward off certain age-related diseases. Certain metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes and heart disease, tend to occur as we age. In animal studies, severely restricting calories can help prevent some of these diseases. Researchers found that resveratrol can mimic calorie restriction in some ways and found it to extend the lifespans of yeast, worms, flies and fish. To help avoid the excessive consumption of red wine, this antioxidant can also be found in dark chocolate, grapes, raspberries, plums, blueberries, cranberries, grape tomatoes, and pomegranate. These findings are fascinating and are a step to prolonging people’s life without affecting overall health. Please share with all your friends and family so they know dark chocolate can finally be consumed guilt free! https://en.stories.newsner.com/health/science-confirms-dark-chocolate-and-red-wine-helps-keep-you-looking-young/ Accessed on May, 7th. Slightly modified. Questão 16 Some research led by Professor Lorna Harries from the University of Exeter has discovered resveratrol present in red wine as well as in dark chocolate has an antioxidant effect in the human body. Besides this effect the option which points out another positive one is a) make cell susceptible to inflammation. b) increase possibilities of metabolic diseases. c) solve type 2 diabetes problems. d) get the cell older. e) strengthen the heart. 9876 PROCESSO SELETIVO DE ACESSO À 9 9897 EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR Questão 17 Scientists have discovered resveratrol as a natural resource can be found in many fruits. The natural resource we can extract it from is a) ginger b) yeast. c) worms. d) plums. e) fish. This text refers to questions 18, 19 and 20. How to Stop Eating Sugar By David Leonhardt If you’re like most Americans, you eat more sugar than is good for you. But it’s entirely possible to eat less sugar without sacrificing much — if any — of the pleasures of eating. Surprising as it may sound, many people who have cut back on sugar say they find their new eating habits more pleasurable than their oldones.This guide will walk you through why sugar matters, how you can make smart food choices to reduce sugar consumption, and how you can keep your life sweet, even without so many sweets. Here's why you eat more sugar than you realize, and why it's a problem. The first thing to know: Added sugars, of one kind or another, are almost everywhere in the modern diet. They’re in sandwich bread, chicken stock, pickles, salad dressing, crackers, yogurt and cereal, as well as in the obvious foods and drinks, like soda and desserts. The biggest problem with added sweeteners is that they make it easy to overeat.They’re tasty and highly caloric but they often don’t make you feel full. Instead, they can trick you into wanting even more food. Because we’re surrounded by added sweeteners — in our kitchens, in restaurants, at schools and offices — most of us will eat too much of them unless we consciously set out to do otherwise. It’s not an accident. The sugar industry has conducted an aggressive, decades-long campaign to blame the obesity epidemic on fats, not sugars. Fats, after all, seem as if they should cause obesity. Thanks partly to that campaign, sugar consumption soared in the United States even as people were trying to lose weight. But research increasingly indicates that an overabundance of simple carbohydrates, and sugar in particular, is the No. 1 problem in modern diets. Sugar is the driving force behind the diabetes and obesity epidemics. Fortunately, more people are realizing the harms of sugar and cutting back. [...] Changing your diet is hard. If your strategy involves thinking about sugar all the time — whenever you’re shopping or eating — you’ll likely fail.You’ll also be miserable in the process. It’s much more effective to come up with a few simple rules and habits that then become second nature. (One strategy to consider: Eliminate all added sugars for one month, and then add back only the ones you miss. It’s easier than it sounds.) Above all, most people’s goal should be to find a few simple, lasting ways to cut back on sugar. Once you’re done reading this guide, we suggest you choose two or three of our ideas and try them for a few weeks. PROCESSO SELETIVO DE ACESSO À 9876 10 EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR 9897 https://www.nytimes.com/guides/smarterliving/how-to-stop-eating-sugar (text adapted). Questão 18 In the long run, eating too much sugar has become one of the biggest problems for people. In the text we can find points and counterpoints related to added sweeteners. In this question, the option in which there are one positive and one negative aspect in consuming sugar is a) added sweeteners are consumed too much once we’re surrounded by them. b) they’re ultimate driving force behind the diabetes and obesity decrease. c) they’re tasty and highly caloric but they often don’t make you feel full. d) modern diets problems are based on simple carbohydrates consume. e) they eat less sugar besides the pleasure of eating them frequently. Questão 19 The extract “If you’re like most Americans”, in the first paragraph, reflects, in the order of appearance: a) condition and comparison. b) opposition and resistance. c) similarity and opposition. d) condition and addiction. e) superiority and similarity. Questão 20 The terms “ones”, in highlighted, found in the first and fifth paragraphs, in the text How to Stop Eating Sugar, refer to a) many people / simple rules. b) smart food / one month. c) eating habits / added sugars. d) eating pleasure / second nature. e) sugar matters / add back. 9876 PROCESSO SELETIVO DE ACESSO À 11 9897 EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR Texto para las cuestiones 16 y 17. El texto abajo presenta visiones del amor desde diferentes perspectivas. Perspectivas sobre el amor 1 Para empezar, digamos que el amor puede ser entendido desde diferentes perspectivas, ya sea desde la filosofía, la ciencia y biología, desde la poesía y el arte, desde diferentes corrientes psicológicas, desde perspectivas evolucionistas etc. Por ejemplo, desde la filosofía, grandes pensadores como Platón y Aristóteles muestran su 5 discrepancia hacia lo que para ellos es amor. Aristóteles diría que se trata del sentimiento más importante del ser humano y que el solo hecho de sentirlo produce un placer no comparable con ningún otro; el amor para él sería como una sola alma que habita en dos cuerpos. Para Aristóteles el amor es un sentimiento que habita en el alma de todas las personas. Platón considera que el amor es más un deseo de poseer a quien se ama. 10 Spinoza cree que el amor produce alegría además de querer a si propio. Platón, por su parte, diría que existe en el amor un deseo de poseer lo que no se tiene, para luego cuando se tiene desecharlo y desearlo de nuevo. Spinoza, por su parte, estaría en medio de ambas posiciones, y diría que el amor es algo que produce alegría que viene de un estímulo exterior que hace querer más del otro que de uno 15 mismo. Para Smith, filósofo y economista, el amor es la respuesta, más bien misteriosa, a algo que nos atrae de la mente y el cuerpo de otra persona. Y aún podríamos seguir viendo posiciones que nos demuestran la complejidad de su definición. En el arte y la literatura el amor se convertirá en musa e inspiración, y desde ahí nacería un amor 20 idealizado en ocasiones, lleno de romanticismo; se convierte en un darlo todo por el ser amado, siendo representado a veces como dramático y pasional. Desde una perspectiva biológica, sería un medio para la supervivencia de la especie influido y mediado por sustancias químicas y mecanismos cerebrales. A partir de los años 90, psiquiatras, antropólogos y biólogos encontraron correlaciones importantes entre los niveles de hormonas 25 como la serotonina, la dopamina y la oxitocina y los estados amorosos tales como la atracción sexual, el enamoramiento y el amor estable.