Questão de Língua Inglesa

Texto 1 Subió a un micro y descubrió que el chofer era el hombre que atropelló y mató a su hijo El conductor había sido condenado a dos años y medio de prisión y lo habían inhabilitado para manejar por 8 años. Carmen Lusardi atravesó el desgarro de la muerte de su hijo, Ayrton Sires, de 14 años, atropellado por un colectivo de la compañía Plaza en julio de 2012, cuando estaba por entrar al colegio. Y esta mañana, sus heridas se reabrieron de la peor manera: subió a un micro de esa empresa para viajar a Buenos Aires y el conductor era el mismo hombre que en abril de este año había sido condenado a dos años y medio de prisión e inhabilitación para manejar por ocho años por el homicidio de Ayrton. Eran las 9,30 y, como todos los miércoles, Lusardi abordó la unidad en la terminal platense de y 42. Al subir los escalones la mujer, conmocionada, se animó a preguntarle al chofer: “¿Vos no serás el que creo que sos?”, inquirió. La frase y el cruce de miradas alcanzaron para que ambos se reconocieran. Es que los recuerdos estaban frescos: el juicio oral que dispuso la condena del conductor Juan Carlos Ibáñez terminó hace apenas seis meses. En abril de este año, la madre de Ayrton y el colectivero estuvieron más de siete horas frente a frente en la Sala II de la Cámara Penal platense que llevó adelante el proceso. Vestibular UEMG - 2018 Pero Carmen no se quedó con ese intercambio y esas palabras temblorosas que nacieron de la sorpresa inicial. Cuando ya estaban en viaje y antes de llegar al peaje de Hudson, Lusardi comenzó a filmar al conductor y pidió: “Decile a todos que sos el que mató a mi hijo. Que fuiste condenado a no manejar por 8 años y que ahora estás acá”, mientras tomaba la imagen con su celular. “A veces no puedo ni con mi alma, lo que hice en el micro es para concientizar, porque gente así y que carga con una condena no puede estar transportando a personas en un medio de transporte público”. Carmen Lusardi Ibáñez detuvo la unidad de la empresa Plaza y sin dar ninguna explicación reclamó a los pasajeros que se bajaran. Sólo explicó que “otro micro los va a llevar hasta su destino”. La mamá de la víctima del tránsito había llamado también al 911 y reclamó un patrullero de Seguridad Vial. Ellos confeccionaron un acta donde consta la presencia de Ibañez al volante del colectivo. “Está claro que a este personaje no le pesa la muerte de mi hijo. No tiene moral y no tiene conciencia. Es un inescrupuloso. No entiendo cómo nadie controla estas cosas”, protestó Lusardi en contacto con Clarín. Retirado de: https://www.clarin.com/sociedad/subio-micro-descubrio-chofer-hombre-atropello-mato-hijo_0_BJlr- QaMc1z.html en 15/11/2017

Questions 49 through 53: Brazil must legalise drugs – its existing policy just destroys lives For decades, guns and imprisonment have been the hallmarks of Brazil’s war against the drug trafficking. But the only way to beat the gangs is to stop creating criminals, says a top Brazilian judge “The war raging in Rocinha, Latin America’s largest favela, has already been lost. Rooted in a dispute between gangs for control of drug trafficking, it has disrupted the daily life of the community in Rio de Janeiro since mid-September. With the sound of shots coming from all sides, schools and shops are constantly forced to close. Recently, a stray bullet killed a Spanish tourist. The war is not the only thing being lost. For decades, Brazil has had the same drug policy approach. Police, weapons and numerous arrests. It does not take an expert to conclude the obvious: the strategy has failed. Drug trafficking and consumption have only increased. […] In a case still before the Brazilian supreme court, I voted for decriminalising the possession of marijuana for private consumption. […] Drugs are an issue that has a profound impact on the criminal justice system, and it is legitimate for the supreme court to participate in the public debate. So here are the reasons for my views. First, drugs are bad and it is therefore the role of the state and society to discourage consumption, treat dependents and repress trafficking. The rationale behind legalisation is rooted in the belief that it will help in achieving these goals. Second, the war on drugs has failed. Since the 1970s, under the influence and leadership of the US, the world has tackled this problem with the use of police forces, armies, and armaments. The tragic reality is that 40 years, billions of dollars, hundreds of thousands of prisoners and thousands of deaths later, things are worse. At least in countries like Brazil. Third, as the American economist Milton Friedman argued, the only result of criminalisation is ensuring the trafficker’s monopoly. With these points in mind, what would legalisation achieve? In most countries in North America and Europe, the greatest concern of the authorities is users and the impact drugs have on their lives and on society. These are all important considerations. In Brazil, however, the principal focus must be ending the dominance drug dealers exercise over poor communities. Gangs have become the main political and economic power in thousands of modest neighbourhoods in Brazil. This scenario prevents a family of honest and hard-working people from educating their children away from the influence of criminal factions, who intimidate, co-opt and exercise an unfair advantage over any lawful activity. Crucially, this power of trafficking comes from illegality. 23 Vestibular UEMG - 2018 Another benefit of legalisation would be to prevent the mass incarceration of impoverished young people with no criminal record who are arrested for trafficking because they are caught in possession of negligible amounts of marijuana. A third of detainees in Brazil are imprisoned for drug trafficking. Once arrested, young prisoners will have to join one of the factions that control the penitentiaries – and on that day, they become dangerous. […] We cannot be certain that a progressive and cautious policy of decriminalisation and legalisation will be successful. What we can affirm is that the existing policy of criminalisation has failed. We must take chances; otherwise, we risk simply accepting a terrible situation. As the Brazilian navigator Amyr Klink said: “The worst shipwreck is not setting off at all.” Disponível em: <https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/nov/15/brazil-must-legalise-drugs-existing-policy-destroys-lives-luis-roberto-barroso-supreme-court-judge>. Acesso em: 14 nov. 2017. 49. The text expresses the opinion of a top Brazilian judge about drugs. Mark the correct answer concerning the subject matter discussed throughout the essay. (A) The judge believes that the only way to win the war against the drug trafficking is by killing the criminals. (B) The judge believes that the legalization of drugs can be a way of dealing with the problem of drug trafficking. (C) The judge believes that the decriminalisation of drugs is not a way of dealing with the drug problem. (D) The judge believes that fighting drug trafficking with police and weapons is effective. 50. Taking into account the excerpt: “Brazil must legalise drugs”, mark the option which best describes the word “must” in the aforementioned context. (A) “Must” is a phrasal verb which expresses obligation and order. (B) “Must” is a phrasal verb which expresses ability or politeness. (C) “Must” is a modal verb which indicates inevitability or certainty. (D) “Must” is a modal verb which indicates conditionality or expectation. 51. Considering the excerpt “[...] it has disrupted the daily life of the community […]”, and the context it was taken from, mark the correct option regarding the pronoun “it”. (A) “It” is a subject pronoun and refers back to “Rocinha”. (B) “It” is a possessive pronoun and refers back to “Rocinha”. (C) “It” is a personal pronoun and refers back to “the war”. (D) “It” is an objective pronoun and refers back to “the war”. 52. Consider the following excerpt: “Since the 1970s, under the influence and leadership of the US, the world has tackled this problem with the use of police forces, armies, and armaments.” Mark the option which best describes the use of some words in the excerpt. (A) There are 9 nouns, 1 adjective, and 5 articles. (B) There are 8 nouns and 2 verbs, but no adjectives. (C) There are 5 articles, 3 adjectives, and 1 verb, but no adverbs. (D) There are 4 prepositions, 2 conjunctions, and 1 pronoun. 53. In the excerpt “Recently, a stray bullet killed a Spanish tourist”, the expression “stray bullet” is (A) Formed by nouns and it means “a decisive shot”. (B) Formed by an adjective and a noun and it means “a random shot”. (C) Formed by an adverb and a noun and it means “a sharp shot”. (D) Formed by a verb and a noun and it means “a lost shot”. 24 Vestibular UEMG - 2018 54. Taking into account the following image and the comment made by the husband, what will probably be Loretta’s gift this Christmas?

Disponível em: <http://comicskingdom.com/blog/2014/12/02/tuesday-s-top-ten-comics-holiday-shopping-gift-giving>. Acesso em: 15 nov. 2017. (A) She’ll probably get a set of wine glasses. (B) She’ll probably get a fancy vase. (C) She’ll probably exchange cards with her husband. (D) She’ll probably exchange a quick look with her husband.