Question

A¬ vacina¬ contra¬ a¬ dengue¬ co-desenvolvida¬ pelo¬ Brasil,¬ a¬ Qdenga,¬ começou¬ a¬ ser¬ oferecida¬ pelo¬ SUS¬ em¬ 2024.¬ Indivíduos¬ imunocompetentes¬ recebem¬ vírus¬ atenuados¬ ao¬ serem¬ vacinados,¬ adquirindo¬ imunidade¬ sem¬ ficar¬ doentes.¬ Pessoas¬ com¬ imunodeficiências,¬ indivíduos¬ com¬ HIV¬ sintomático,¬gestantes¬e¬lactantes¬não¬podem¬ser¬vacinadas.¬ No¬ entanto,¬ estas¬ pessoas¬ podem¬ ser¬ beneficiadas¬ com¬ a¬ vacinação¬da¬população,¬pois¬ ¬

Accepted Answer

D) as¬chances¬de¬epidemias¬diminuem¬quando¬a¬cobertura¬ vacinal¬é¬alta.¬

Answer

A) pessoas¬não-vacinadas¬adquirem¬imunidade¬por¬contato¬ com¬vacinados.¬

Answer

B) mosquitos¬ transmissores¬ da¬ dengue¬ morrem¬ ao¬ picar¬ pessoas¬vacinadas.¬

Answer

C) vírus¬ atenuados¬ alteram¬ o¬ material¬ genético¬ dos¬ vírus¬ selvagens.¬

Answer

E) pessoas¬ vacinadas¬ liberam¬ anticorpos¬ contra¬ o¬ vírus¬ no¬ ambiente.¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ Texto para as questões 66 e 67 ¬  ¬ Researchers¬ investigated¬ the¬ quantities¬ of¬ thousands¬ of¬ muscle¬ proteins¬ and¬ found¬ a¬ possible¬ new¬ explanation¬ for¬ muscle¬memory.¬A¬study¬showed¬for¬the¬first¬time¬that¬muscles¬ "remember"¬training¬at¬the¬protein¬level.¬It¬is¬often¬thought¬that¬ the¬effects¬of¬exercise¬are¬short-lived,¬and¬a¬break¬from¬the¬ gym¬can¬cause¬stress¬over¬muscle¬loss.¬However,¬the¬research¬ has¬shown¬that¬this¬stress¬is¬partly¬unnecessary,¬as¬the¬effects¬ of¬resistance¬training¬persist¬in¬muscles¬for¬up¬to¬two¬months¬ and¬the¬gains¬are¬fast¬when¬training¬is¬started¬again.¬But¬what¬ mechanisms¬and¬changes¬at¬the¬cellular¬and¬molecular¬levels¬ explain¬muscle¬memory?¬In¬the¬study,¬ten¬weeks¬of¬resistance¬ training¬was¬followed¬by¬a¬break¬of¬the¬same¬length¬and¬then¬ followed¬by¬another¬ten¬weeks¬of¬resistance¬training.¬Using¬the¬ proteomics¬method,¬it¬was¬possible¬to¬study¬the¬quantities¬of¬ over¬ 3,000¬ muscle¬ proteins¬ using¬ advanced¬ mass¬ spectrometry¬equipment.¬The¬study¬found¬two¬types¬of¬change¬ profiles¬in¬muscle¬proteins.¬Some¬proteins¬changed¬as¬a¬result¬ of¬training,¬returned¬to¬their¬pre-training¬state¬during¬the¬break,¬ and¬changed¬again¬during¬the¬new¬training¬period¬similarly¬to¬ the¬ first¬ training¬ period.¬ These¬ included¬ proteins¬ related¬ to¬ aerobic¬metabolism.¬Another¬group¬of¬proteins¬changed¬as¬a¬ result¬of¬training¬and¬remained¬changed¬during¬the¬break¬and¬ after¬ the¬ new¬ training¬ period.¬ Among¬ these¬ proteins¬ were¬ several¬ calcium-binding¬ proteins,¬ such¬ as¬ calpain-2,¬ whose¬ gene¬ has¬ recently¬ been¬ identified¬ to¬ retain¬ a¬ memory¬ trace¬ even¬ after¬ a¬ training¬ break.¬ "At¬ the¬ level¬ of¬ the¬ number¬ of¬ muscle¬ nuclei¬ and¬ the¬ memory¬ traces¬ of¬ genes,¬ that¬ is,¬ epigenetics,¬ long-term¬ responses¬ that¬ persist¬ even¬ after¬ a¬ break¬and¬possibly¬explain¬'muscle¬memory'¬have¬previously¬ been¬observed,"¬says¬a¬researcher.¬"Now,¬for¬the¬first¬time,¬we¬ have¬ shown¬ that¬ muscles¬ 'remember'¬ previous¬ resistance¬ training¬at¬the¬protein¬level¬for¬at¬least¬two¬and¬a¬half¬months."¬ Disponível¬em¬https://jyu.fi/en/news/.¬14¬April¬2025.¬Adaptado.¬ ¬

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