Questão de Língua Inglesa

Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.

17. It is true to say that A) the study reveals doctors are still the backbone in the health system. B) “doctorness” has already experienced changes over the last few years. C) the current health care panorama is much the same as it was before. D) threats to “doctorness” ignore the technologyenabled consumer. E) doctors’ autonomy has been kept intact and so has their agenda. 18. The research has revealed that A) the knowledge-empowered consumer has become a challenge to doctors. B) based on trustworthy sources, consumers can diagnose themselves correctly. C) there is a commonsense feeling of respect and value among doctors. D) people acknowledge the hardship doctors go through to major in medicine. E) most patients will follow doctors’ orders on account of their sound expertise. Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it.

19. Mary Ann Franco A) was in a car accident twice in her lifetime. B) got blind after falling and hurting her neck. C) could see colors before the car accident. D) was not able to see for more than two decades. E) was sad she could only see trees and houses. 20. It is true to affirm that A) Dr. Afshar knows exactly what happened to Ann Franco. B) she probably recovered vision due to an unkinked artery. C) Ann Franco wants a scientific explanation of her case. D) Ann Franco was always able to see all her grandchildren. E) Dr. Afshar intended to give her vision back to her. Read the text below and answer the following questions based on it. Global sleeping patterns revealed by app data. It showed the Dutch have nearly an hour more in bed every night than people in Singapore or Japan. The study, published in Science Advances, also found women routinely get more sleep than men, with middle-aged men getting the least of all. The researchers say the findings could be used to deal with the "global sleep crisis". The study found people in Japan and Singapore had an average of seven hours and 24 minutes sleep while the people in the Netherlands had eight hours and 12 minutes. People in the UK averaged just under eight hours - a smidgen less than the French. The later a country stays up into the night, the less sleep it gets. But what time a country wakes up seems to have little effect on sleep duration. Prof Daniel Forger, one of the researchers, said there was a conflict between our desire to stay up late and our bodies urging us to get up in the morning. The study also showed women had about 30 minutes more per night in bed than men, particularly between the ages of 30 and 60. And that people who spend the most time in natural sunlight tended to go to bed earlier. A strong effect of age on sleep was also detected. A wide range of sleep and wake-up times was found in young people but "that really narrows in old age," said Prof Forger. "It highlights that although our body clocks are programming us to do certain things, we can't as we're ruled by social circumstances. "We won't know the long-term consequences of this for many years." Adaptado de: <http://www.bbc.com/news/health-36226874> Acessado em 7 de maio de 2016. 21. The research study on global sleeping patterns A) shows that people in Holland get less sleep than the Japanese. B) shows that the British and the French sleep just about the same. C) revealed that males on a regular basis get more sleep than females. D) cannot shed light on the understanding of the world sleeping crisis. E) found that among men, the middle-aged ones sleep the most. 22. Among other findings, it is true to say that A) people who use artificial light a lot don’t usually stay up late. B) there is no conflict between our body clocks and social practices. C) sleep and wake-up times vary less frequently among young people. D) on average, middle-aged women sleep in a bed more than men. E) the time we go to bed is directly related to how much sleep we get. 23. In the sentence: “The researchers say the findings could be used to deal with the "global sleep crisis". the modal verb could expresses: A) obligation B) permission C) advice D) possibility E) prohibititon Read the comic strip below and answer the following question based on it.

Disponível em:<http://www.docjokes.com/i/farcus-comic-strip-ongocomics-com.html> Acessado em 25 de abril de 2016. 24. The message above implies that health insurance companies A) avoid spending money on their clients all they can. B) make precise evaluations of their clients’ health status. C) will care for their clients no matter how much it costs. D) have very good doctors who make unbiased assessments. E) dodge their doctors’ evaluation and do the best for clients. ESPANHOL El lenguaje de los médicos Una de las características del siglo que ahora se inicia, y tal vez del milenio, es el protagonismo abrumador que han adquirido las comunicaciones. La tecnología ha hecho saltar por los aires fronteras milenarias y barreras que parecían inexpugnables. El lenguaje sufre de forma más llamativa esa influencia. El incremento de los conocimientos biomédicos es tan rápido que la utilización de numerosos tecnicismos es imprescindible. Las ciencias médicas han desarrollado un léxico tan extenso que supera con creces el número de vocablos de las lenguas modernas. Este aluvión de nuevos términos, incorporados precipitadamente, puede originar que la jerga de los galenos pase de ser un instrumento de precisión a un peligro para la comunicación científica. El léxico médico ha seguido una evolución histórica paralela a la del lenguaje común y ha tenido que recurrir a la importación de extranjerismos para suplir carencias semánticas. La terminología médica, con más de 100.000 vocablos, es uno de los lenguajes especializados más importantes en todos los idiomas. Es un fiel reflejo del permanente progreso de la Medicina, que requiere un adecuado incremento del vocabulario para mantener una comunicación científica fluida. La hegemonía de la lengua inglesa en todas las actividades científicas, culturales y sociales explica la implantación masiva de anglicismos en la jerga médica. La adopción de estos extranjerismos es respetable si es el resultado de una necesidad lingüística, gracias a ellos es posible convivir con el mundo actual. No existe ninguna lengua moderna que pueda permanecer pura, todas son el resultado de un mestizaje enriquecedor. El aluvión de neologismos está ignorando estas premisas. Cada día son más frecuentes nuevas palabras innecesarias. La poca facilidad del castellano para proporcionar vocablos breves, capaces de sustituir a un anglicismo es una seria dificultad: es evidente que stent es una expresión más ágil que prótesis endovascular. Evidence debe traducirse como prueba o hallazgo, pero no como evidencia, que en español se aplica a lo que no necesita demostración. Según esta desafortunada traducción, la expresión "Medicina basada en la evidencia" significa, en sentido estricto, “Medicina que no necesita demostración”, es decir, lo contrario del sentido de la expresión inglesa, que debería haber sido traducida como "Medicina basada en pruebas", en datos objetivos. Al tratarse de una jerga profesional, los vicios del lenguaje de los médicos se transmiten a la lengua general de forma muy limitada, si bien la ignorancia lingüística y despreocupación institucional son las causas más importantes de la degeneración del léxico. A diferencia de lo que sucede en nuestras Facultades, los planes de estudio de las escuelas de Medicina norteamericanas ofrecen asignaturas opcionales sobre el correcto uso del lenguaje médico. Los colegios profesionales y las sociedades científicas pueden y deben realizar una labor de normalización de sus respectivos léxicos. Dr. Alfonso Ballesteros Fernández http://www.elmedicointeractivo.com/ap1/emiold/informes/informe/le nguajemedico.htm.