Question

A¬bióloga¬Lynn¬Margulis¬publicou¬um¬polêmico¬artigo¬em¬1967¬ propondo¬ que¬ algumas¬ organelas¬ das¬ células¬ eucarióticas¬ poderiam¬ser¬o¬resultado¬de¬eventos¬de¬endossimbiose,¬no¬ qual¬bactérias¬passaram¬a¬viver¬em¬simbiose¬dentro¬de¬células¬ eucarióticas¬até¬serem¬completamente¬incorporadas¬a¬elas.¬A¬ hipótese¬ de¬ Margulis¬ sofreu¬ muita¬ oposição,¬ até¬ que¬ evidências¬experimentais¬mostraram¬que¬algumas¬organelas¬ de¬fato¬possuíam¬muitas¬similaridades¬com¬bactérias.¬Entre¬as¬ evidências¬de¬endossimbiose,¬podemos¬citar:¬ ¬

Accepted Answer

E) ¬O¬genoma¬circular¬das¬mitocôndrias.¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ ¬ Texto para as questões de 79 a 81 ¬ During¬the¬nineteen-seventies¬and¬eighties,¬a¬researcher¬at¬ the¬University¬of¬Washington¬started¬noticing¬something¬strange¬ in¬ the¬ college’s¬ experimental¬ forest.¬ For¬ years,¬ a¬ blight¬ of¬ caterpillars¬ had¬ been¬ munching¬ the¬ trees¬ to¬ death.¬ Then,¬ suddenly,¬the¬caterpillars¬themselves¬started¬dying¬off.¬The¬forest¬ was¬able¬to¬recover.¬But¬what¬had¬happened¬to¬the¬caterpillars?¬ The¬ researcher,¬ David¬ Rhoades,¬ who¬ had¬ a¬ background¬ in¬ chemistry¬ and¬ zoology,¬ found¬ that¬ the¬ trees¬ in¬ the¬ forest¬ had¬ changed¬ the¬ chemistry¬ of¬ their¬ leaves,¬ to¬ the¬ detriment¬ of¬ the¬ caterpillars.¬Even¬more¬surprising,¬trees¬that¬had¬been¬nibbled¬by¬ caterpillars¬ weren’t¬ the¬ only¬ ones¬ that¬ had¬ changed¬ their¬ chemistry.¬Some¬were¬changing¬their¬leaves¬before¬caterpillars¬ reached¬ them,¬ as¬ if¬ they’d¬ received¬ a¬ warning.¬ A¬ shocking¬ possibility¬ presented¬ itself:¬ the¬ trees¬ were¬ signalling¬ to¬ one¬ another.¬ Zoë¬ Schlanger¬ recounts¬ Rhoades’s¬ story¬ in¬ her¬ new¬ book,¬ “The¬Light¬Eaters:¬How¬the¬Unseen¬World¬of¬Plant¬Intelligence¬ Offers¬a¬New¬Understanding¬of¬Life¬on¬Earth.”¬ The¬contemporary¬world¬of¬botany¬that¬Schlanger¬explores¬in¬ “The¬Light¬Eaters”¬is¬still¬divided¬over¬the¬matter¬of¬how¬plants¬ sense¬the¬world¬and¬whether¬they¬can¬be¬said¬to¬communicate.¬ But,¬in¬the¬past¬twenty¬years,¬the¬idea¬that¬plants¬communicate¬ has¬gained¬broader¬acceptance.¬Research¬in¬recent¬decades¬has¬ shown¬ garden-variety¬ lima¬ beans¬ protecting¬ themselves¬ by¬ synthesizing¬and¬releasing¬chemicals¬to¬summon¬the¬predators¬of¬ the¬insects¬that¬eat¬them;¬lab-grown¬pea¬shoots¬navigating¬mazes¬ and¬responding¬to¬the¬sound¬of¬running¬water;¬and¬a¬chameleonic¬ vine¬ in¬ the¬ jungles¬ of¬ Chile¬ mimicking¬ the¬ shape¬ and¬ color¬ of¬ nearby¬plants¬by¬a¬mechanism¬that’s¬not¬yet¬understood.¬ Schlanger¬acknowledges¬that¬some¬of¬the¬research¬yields¬as¬ many¬questions¬as¬answers.¬It’s¬not¬clear¬how¬the¬vine¬gathers¬ information¬about¬surrounding¬plants¬to¬perform¬its¬mimicry.¬ New¬Yorker.¬12¬June¬2024.¬Adaptado.¬ ¬

Answer

A) ¬As¬membranas¬duplas¬dos¬núcleos.¬

Answer

B) ¬Os¬ribossomos¬aderidos¬ao¬retículo¬endoplasmático.¬

Answer

C) ¬A¬parede¬celular¬das¬células¬vegetais.¬

Answer

D) ¬O¬formato¬do¬complexo¬de¬Golgi.¬

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