Question

18

According to research results presented in ELLIS (1994), all the assertions below about formal instruction and language learning are correct, EXCEPT the one in alternative

Accepted Answer

C) When it concerns adult learning, there is a consensus between Long and Krashen that formal instruction is not better than learning a second language in the streets.

Answer

A) It is possible that formal instruction will show an effect in the case of tests but not in natural production as is predicted by some theories of L2 acquisition such as Krashen’s Input Hypothesis.

Answer

B) Long (1983) considered a total of 11 studies that had investigated whether learners who receive formal instruction achieve higher levels of proficiency than those who do not. His conclusion was that there is considerable evidence to indicate that SL instruction does make a difference.

Answer

D) In a study conducted by Spada (1986) those learners who had access to both formal instruction and to exposure to English showed the greatest gains in proficiency. The author claims that attention to both form and meaning works best for L2 learners.

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