Questão de Língua Inglesa

Read the text below and answer the following two questions based on it. Meet Peyo, the horse that detects cancer and takes care of sick people Peyo is a 14-year-old horse that his owner, Hassen Bouchakour, used in dressage shows. After shows, the horse would seek out contact with specific individuals in the crowd. It was thanks to this that Bouchakour discovered something surprising: Peyo has the ability to detect if people are suffering from cancer or are otherwise weak or dying. Peyo’s amazing ability not only serves to diagnose diseases that have not yet shown their face. It’s also been proven that his presence can help to improve the quality of life of patients in a hospital. In some cases, his visits have even made it possible to reduce the patients’ medication. The staff is familiar with the horse; he enters the building with Bouchakour and passes through a sanitary protocol, then gets on the elevator and decides which room to visit. Peyo is thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after each hospital visit. He’s close and affectionate with the sick, nuzzling up to them and sometimes licking them. “He’s a horse that behaves differently with people in delicate condition,” Bouchakour explains. Equine therapy has been in use for many years. But Peyo’s gift for detecting illnesses and his ability to be part of the treatment of hospitalized patients have led to his being scientifically studied by experts in palliative care, geriatrics and pediatrics. A visit from Peyo is a high point in the day-to-day life of patients at these French hospitals, while opening up hopeful horizons for medicine. Adaptado de: < https://aleteia.org/2021/06/02/meet-peyo-the-horsethat-detects-cancer-and-takes-care-of-sick-people/> Acessado em 09 de outubro de 2021 17. Peyo A) and his owner have always known about the abilities that it has. B) had his abilities found out due to how it behaved in dressage shows. C) has the ability to cure sick people from their illnesses in any situation. D) has been suffering from cancer and duly gotten the world’s attention. E) visits patients without ever going through rigid sanitary protocols. 18. Equine therapy has a long tradition but Peyo is knowingly different A) for being able to talk to patients he chooses when he is in hospital. B) because he’s made it possible for other animals to be used in therapy. C) because he acts normal regardless of the patient’s condition at that time. D) and that has made scientists want to research him in several fields. E) for what he’s done to keep tradition unchanged within medicine realms. Read the text below and answer the following three questions based on it. Cutting Out Even a Little Salt Can Have Big Health Benefits Sometimes, seemingly small changes in a health measurement can make a very large difference to people’s well-being. Such is the case with the effect on blood pressure of the essential nutrient sodium, the problematic half of the popular flavoring agent sodium chloride, commonly known as salt. The amount of salt that is safe for people to consume has been embroiled in controversy for a century. Scores of studies of varying quality linking sodium intake and health have swung the pendulum back and forth, stymieing regulations to limit sodium in most commercially prepared foods. Some people are especially sensitive to sodium’s ability to raise blood pressure, but given how common high blood pressure already is, and how difficult it is to avoid consuming too much salt, many experts maintain that the safest approach is an overall reduction in sodium levels in prepared and processed foods. More than 100 million Americans have high blood pressure, a disorder that increases their risk of heart attacks and strokes, and which, for many people, is made worse by consuming too much sodium. Just a four-millimeter rise in blood pressure — say, from 130 to 134 millimeters of mercury — can jeopardize the health of some people, and the blood pressure of those who are especially salt-sensitive can rise by 10 or more millimeters of mercury on a typical high-salt diet. In 2010, a Stanford University team estimated that cutting about 350 milligrams of sodium a day (less than a sixth of a teaspoon) would lower systolic blood pressure by only 1.25 millimeters of mercury yet avert about a million strokes and heart attacks. The human species evolved on a very low-sodium diet of 200 to 600 milligrams a day. In fact, our bodies are designed to conserve sodium and get rid of potassium, which explains why a high-sodium diet can be a problem. Though doctors have long argued that Americans should consume less salt, the wheels of regulatory action turn at a glacial pace, and modifying people’s taste buds is equally challenging. Adaptado de: < https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/11/well/eat/saltblood-pressure.html> Acessado em 17 de outubro 2021. 19. It is argued that even a small reduction in salt consumption A) can result in a lot of improvement of a person’s health. B) should make anyone’s blood pressure actually soar. C) turns out to be meaningless and useless for its users. D) will effectively keep consumers from any health issue. E) might lead consumers to dangerously bad consequences. 20. Concerning the appropriate amount of salt consumption A) most people find it extremely easy to avoid consuming too much salt. B) the most sensitive people to high blood pressure could worsen their health. C) there has been a lot of disagreement as regards its relationship with health. D) specialists recommend raising its overall amount in industrialized food. E) consensus has made it possible for regulation to be implemented accordingly. 21. According to the text A) regulating the amount of salt used in foods can be done very quickly and easily. B) a four-millimeter rise in blood pressure would be insufficient to cause any harm. C) cutting 350mg of salt a day could trigger thousands of heart attacks and strokes. D) humans have had a very high intake of sodium all throughout their history. E) many Americans with high blood pressure could profit from consumming less salt. Read the following text and answer the following two questions based on it. E-cigarettes could be prescribed by NHS in world first England could become the first country in the world to prescribe medicinally licensed e-cigarettes to cut smoking rates. Fresh guidance from the medicines regulator paves the way for vaping products to be prescribed on the NHS to tobacco smokers. E-cigarettes were the most popular aid used by smokers trying to quit in England last year, and health chiefs say they have led to some of the highest success rates, alongside local “stop smoking” services, with up to 68 per cent successfully quitting. But the move could be controversial, after American scientists said earlier this month that people using the devices were 8.5 per cent more likely to relapse within 12 months and return to using their old cigarettes than people who quit entirely. US researchers revealed they had found that as well as nicotine, e-cigarettes contain unidentified chemicals that could have health risks. A separate study, in the UK, suggested that vaping could affect people’s lungs just as much as cigarette smoking. Researchers at Manchester Metropolitan University Institute of Sport found both smokers and vapers showed similar obstruction of the airways in the lungs that can affect people’s ability to efficiently take in air. However, experts in the UK and US have generally concluded that regulated e-cigarettes are less harmful than smoking. A medicinally licensed e-cigarette would have to pass even more rigorous safety checks, officials say. Manufacturers will be able to submit their e-cigarettes to the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency to gain approval just like other medicines. Earlier this month, the Food and Drug Administration in the US gave regulatory approval for the first time to a handful of e-cigarette products after banning tens of thousands of others from being marketed. E-cigarettes are battery-powered devices with cartridges filled with a liquid that contains nicotine and flavourings. The liquid is heated into a vapour, which the smoker inhales. More than 6 million people in England still smoke, and they see their GP at least a third more often than non-smokers, according to the NHS. Almost 64,000 people died from smoking in England in 2019, official figures show. Adaptado de: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/nhssmoking-e-cigarettes-medical-prescription-b1947287.html> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2021 22. According to the text 1) England is bound to officially use e-cigarettes to fight smoking. 2) e-cigarettes have not been used in order to help smokers quit. 3) scientists are sure of the total success of ecigarettes as an aid. 4) other substances in e-cigarttes have been found to be harmful. 5) people’s lungs may be affected both by vaping and by cigarettes. The following alternatives are right: A) 1, 4 and 5 only. B) 3 and 5 only. C) 2 and 4 only. D) 2, 3 and 5 only. E) 1 and 3 only. 23. Regulatory agencies need to give their approval concerning e-cigarettes marketing but many brands have been accordingly A) allowed. B) licensed. C) barred. D) approved. E) accredited Read the chart below and answer the following questions based on it. DangerousWeight Countries with higther obesity rates have seen more deaths from Covid-19 Covid deaths per 100,000 population / Overwight adults (in%) 120

U.K. U.S. France. Brazil India China Vietnam Source: World Obesity Federation, Covid-19 and Obesity: The 2021 Atlas Covid deaths as of Jan. 1, 2021; Adult overweight BMI > 24kg/m2 (2016) Bloomberg Disponível em:https://news.bloomberglaw.com/coronavirus/coviddeaths-surge-where-obesity-rates-are-high-reportshows?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=CVNW&utm_campaign=000 00177-fd93-d89d-ab77-fffb4af10003 Acessado em 10 de outubro de 2021. 24. According to the chart above we can assert that A) obesity rates lack any connection with Covid-19 deaths. B) deaths from Covid-19 in India surpass those of the USA. C) Brazil and France rank just above the US and UK statistics. D) there aren’t obese people neither in China nor in Vietnam. E) the more obese the population the more Covid-19 deaths. ESPANHOL