Questão de Língua Portuguesa

Texto CB1A4-I María Gainza, un brindis por lo falso Cuando se publicó El nervio óptico de la crítica de arte María Gainza, ocurrió lo que pocas veces sucede con una primera novela de alguien a priori ajeno al mundo literario: la crítica cayó rendida de forma unánime ante aquel breve libro que entrelazaba retazos de historia del arte con la crónica íntima de una familia bonaerense, bien pero venida a menos. Gainza vuelve ahora con una segunda novela, La luz negra, que no se aparta de su hábitat natural, el mundo del arte. Más bien se adentra en su zona oscura, sus márgenes extraoficiales, ese terreno que se mueve entre la leyenda y la pura ilegalidad: el mundo de la falsificación. La protagonista de La luz negra también es crítica de arte en un diario. Está de vuelta de todo y se dedica a vagar por el pasado, recordando tiempos mejores y alimentándose de la memoria. Recuerda sobre todo a su queridísima amiga Enriqueta, una eminencia de la tasación que, en sus ratos libres, participaba en una banda de falsificadores. Y para recordarla mejor, porque la echa muchísimo de menos, intenta reconstruir los recuerdos que le dejó la propia Enriqueta. Decía el santo patrón de los mentirosos con encanto, Tom Ripley, que «el artista hace las cosas de modo natural, sin esfuerzo. Alguna fuerza sobrenatural guía su mano. El falsificador tiene que forcejear, y si tiene éxito, su logro es auténtico», algo que suscribiría a pies juntillas Enriqueta. Esta última seguramente haría suya esta otra reflexión que aparece en La máscara de Ripley: «Si uno pintaba más falsificaciones que cuadros propios, ¿no se convertirían las primeras en algo más natural, más real y auténtico, incluso para uno mismo, que las propias obras?». Porque, ¿acaso no puede lo falso dar tanto placer como un original? ¿No es lo falso a veces más verdadero que lo auténtico? «¿Y en el fondo, no es el mercado el verdadero escándalo?», se pregunta Enriqueta, el corazón que hace latir toda la novela, un personaje delicioso y memorable cuyas reflexiones sobre el mundo del arte atraviesan todo el libro como flechas: «Cuando un coleccionista compra no está comprando arte, está comprando una confirmación social de su inversión. Paga para estar seguro, y estar seguro es caro». O esta otra: «A veces me pregunto si la falsificación no es la única gran obra del siglo XX». Internet: <elmundo.es> (con adaptaciones).

Atenção! A seguir, são apresentados dois conjuntos de questões de Língua Estrangeira (Língua Inglesa e Língua Espanhola), ambos numerados de 21 a 25. Marque, em sua Folha de Respostas, apenas as respostas correspondentes à sua opção de língua estrangeira. Text CB1A3-I Auditors must avail themselves of professional 1 judgment in planning and conducting the engagement and in reporting the results. 4 Professional judgment entails exercising reasonable care and professional skepticism. The former comprises acting diligently in compliance with applicable professional standards 7 and ethical principles. The latter requires a questioning mind, awareness of conditions that may indicate possible misstatement owing to error or fraud, and a critical assessment 10 of evidence. Professional skepticism includes being alert to, for example, evidence that contradicts other evidence obtained or information that brings into question the reliability of 13 documents or responses to inquiries to be used as evidence. Further, it includes a mindset in which auditors assume that management is neither dishonest nor of unquestioned honesty. Auditors may accept records and documents as genuine unless 16 they have reason to believe otherwise. Auditors may consider documenting procedures undertaken to support their application of professional skepticism in highly judgmental or 19 subjective areas under audit. Government auditing standards. 2018 (Revision). Comptroller General of the USA (adapted). QUESTÃO 21 In text CB1A3-I, the passage A “The former comprises acting diligently” (R. 5 and 6) is equivalent to: Professional skepticism involves behaving in good faith. B “information that brings into question the reliability of documents” (R. 12 and 13) can be correctly expressed as: data collected in order to clear doubts about documents. C “misstatement owing to error or fraud” (R.9) is the same as: a distorted assertion that results from a mistake or deception. D “Further, it includes a mindset” (R.14) can be correctly conveyed as: Hence, it adds a conception. E “Auditors may consider documenting procedures” (R. 17 and 18) is the same as: comptrollers should employ customary documents. QUESTÃO 22 Based on text CB1A3-I, decide which of the statements below is correct. A The opposite of “former” (R.5) in this particular context is current. B In “it includes” (R.14) , “it” refers to “evidence” (R.13). C “Further” (R.14) is a more informal but equally acceptable form of furthermore. D In “may consider documenting” (R. 17 and 18), “documenting” can be correctly replaced with document. E In “under audit” (R.20), “under” can be correctly replaced with below. QUESTÃO 23 1 Accountability, good government and public trust are inextricably bound. Supreme Audit Institutions fulfil an exceptional role in the public domain, checking if governments 4 spend their money properly. They are like ‘watchdogs’ for citizens and parliaments with the purpose of auditing public expenditure and examining the effectiveness of policies. They 7 aim to enhance the trustworthiness of government institutions, all the more so in fragile democracies. They do so, for instance, in striving to disclose cases of corruption, not just in the highest echelons of government, but also in everyday petty 10 bribery. And they can be found counting houses, roads and water taps, to see if government’s promises are being kept. Roel Janssen. The art of audit. Amsterdam University Press, 2016 (adapted). In terms of comprehension of the text above, decide which of the statements below is correct. A The expression “all the more” (R.8) means not only but also. B Supreme Audit Institutions focus primarily on the top chains of command in the government and on common minor cases of extortion. C Politically weak or unstable countries are no places for supreme audit institutions to exist and prosper. D In “They do so” (R.8), “do” refers to “enhance” (R.7). E Counting water taps may eventually provide evidence of government unaccountability. Text CB1A3-II 1 The Canada Revenue Agency continues to modernize its operations and reduce red tape to enhance services to Canadians while reducing its overall costs. It is increasingly 4 providing services electronically to make it easier for Canadians and businesses to interact with the Agency at the lowest possible cost. By simplifying the way it collects taxes 7 and distributes benefit payments, the Agency will ensure Canadians and small and medium-sized enterprises receive the benefits and credits to which they are entitled as efficiently and 10 quickly as possible. In addition, the Agency will leverage the expertise of tax professionals to improve the effectiveness of its operations. Comptroller General of Canada. Archived – Budget 2012 (adapted). QUESTÃO 24 Based on text CB1A3-II, judge the following items. I The expression “red tape” (R.2) means politically-motivated and inconsistent official procedures. II The basic meaning conveyed by “to enhance” (R.2) and to leverage (R.10) can also be found in to better. III To be entitled (R.9) is synonymous with to be eligible for. IV The word “overall” (R.3) means in general terms in the text. Decide which alternative below is correct. A Only the alternatives I and II are correct. B Only the alternatives I and III are correct. C Only the alternatives II and III are correct. D Only the alternatives II and IV are correct. E Only the alternatives III and IV are correct. QUESTÃO 25 Based on text CB1A3-II, decide which of the alternatives below is correct. A Red tape has been the main obstacle for the Canadian government to provide quality services to its people. B The Canada Revenue Agency has not been able to do its job because it is antiquated. C The Canadian government plans to abolish fees and taxes to those who embrace technological innovations. D The measures the Agency intends to implement aim at making its services cheaper, more accessible and efficient. E The main beneficiaries of the proposed measures are medium-sized businesses.