Questão de Língua Inglesa

D) Eu te amo, Maria, te amo tanto Que o meu peito me dói como em doença E quanto mais me seja a dor intensa Mais cresce na minha alma teu encanto. (Vinícius de Moraes) E) Perdi-me dentro de mim Porque eu era labirinto, E hoje, quando me sinto, É com saudades de mim. (Mário de Sá Carneiro) Execução: Fundatec 748_CE_30_NS_DM 21/4/202313:03:29 Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions. Carnival 01 Carnival is festival celebrated in countries of Catholic tradition, often 02 with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and 03 feasts”. 04 Etymology 05 The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and 06 originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras), 07 immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain 08 meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts 09 of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around 10 1400. 11 Carnival period 12 In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70 13 days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian 14 calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the 15 beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival. 16 Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each 17 year, though in some places it may begin already on 17th January. Since Catholic Easter is on 18 the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since 19 there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of 20 Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9. 21 In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some 22 neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of 23 Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy. 24 Carnival in antiquity 25 Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older 26 celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia". 27 During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took 28 place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of 29 view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established 30 order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle 31 until the next carnival. 32 In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos 33 was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat 34 the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession 35 was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of 36 the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade 37 there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue 38 - a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was 39 accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality. 40 In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence 41 of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the 42 Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in 43 procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius. 44 Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between 45 heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power, 46 Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored 47 and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have 48 often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented. 49 In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts 50 called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna" 51 also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and 52 a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's 53 candles. (Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this Execução: Fundatec test). 748_CE_30_NS_DM 21/4/202313:03:29